Formulation and Evaluation of Murdar Sing Stone - Enriched Face Cream
Bhumika O. Patil, Chaitali G. Patil, Darshana S. Patil, Amruta N. Patil,
Sunila A. Patil, Sunil P. Pawar
P.S.G.V.P. Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Shahada, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail:
ABSTRACT:
Murdarsang is an exotic inorganic Unani drug whose description is traced to the times of Greco-Roman physicians, such as Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides. Dioscorides (circa 1 century CE) mentioned it in detail in his celebrated book 'Kitab al-Hashaish '. Etymologically, it is known as 'Litharge' in English lexicon which is derived from Greek 'Litharguros ' (lithos meaning stone and arguros for silver) which forms as a 'waste' during the last stage of silver smelting. It is the lithos arguros mainly used externally, especially in almost all types of marahim (Unani ointments). It is also used in Ayurveda. Several Ayurvedic formulations contain Murdarsang. Chemically, it is monoxide of lead (Plumbi oxidum). Besides its medicinal use, it was used in refining process of silver in the minting technology during the Mughal times. It is one of the mineral forms of lead (II) oxide, PbO. Murdarsang (Litharge) is a secondary mineral which forms from the oxidation of galena ores. During the first century CE, both Dioscorides and Pliny, the Elder, discussed in great detail the preparation of lithargyros 'silver stone' and ‘spum argenti’ scum of silver'. The golden scum is obtained from the actual vein. Face cream are semi-solid preparation. They are commonly used to hydrate and improve complexion of skin. Main aim of this research project is to prepare a cream and evaluate its efficacy. Formulation is evaluated for various factors like pH, consistency, stability, appearance, homogeneity and organoleptic properties. Satisfied result was acquired from the formulation.
KEYWORDS: Murdarsang, Jasminum oil, Rose water, Evalution.
INTRODUCTION:
The Demand of herbal cosmetics due to the availability of new ingredients the financial rewards for developing successful products and maintained of quality standard. Cosmetics are the products applying on the body. Face cream are used as cosmetic for softening and cleansing action. The Ayurvedic system of medicine was one of the most important systems that uses herbal plant and extract of the treatment of management of various Diseases state.1 Cosmetics are the products which are generally used to beautify the skin and also to purify the skin. The cosmetics are the word derived from Greek word – ‘kosmesticos’ which means to adorn. From that time the materials which are used to promoting appearances or to beautify the skin are called as cosmetics. From ancient time till now people are still using herbal cosmetics for the beautification of skin. Cold cream is the water in oil emulsion. Cold cream gives the prolonged contact time in the site of application ascompared to the other semisolid dosage form or formulation. They are non-irritating when applied on the skin. The water phase gives extra conservation to the skin. It gets liquefy at body temperature. It gets penetrated via the epidermis of the skin via the natural pores.
CLASSIFICATION OF CREAMS:
All the skin creams can be classified on different basis:
1. According to function, e.g. cleansing, foundation, massage, etc.
2. According to characteristics properties, e.g. cold creams, vanishing creams, etc.
3. According to the nature or type of emulsion.
a) Types of creams according to function, characteristic properties and type of emulsion:
1. Make-up cream (o/w emulsion): a) Vanishing creams.
b) Foundation creams.
1. Cleansing cream, cleansing milk, Cleansing lotion (w/o emulsion)
2. Winter cream (w/o emulsion): a) Cold cream or moisturizing creams.
3. All-purpose creamand general creams.
4. Night cream and massage creams.
5. Skin protective cream.
6. Hand and body creams.2
Ideal Characteristic of Cream:
1. It should have Good Appearance.
2. It shold spread easily on the skin.
3. Nonirritant to the skin.
4. They should also provide softening.
Preparation of Cream:
Heat liquid paraffin and beeswax in a china dish at 750 C and maintain that heating temperature (Oil phase). In another china dish dissolve borax, methyl paraben in distilled water and heat this beaker to 750 C to dissolve borax and methyl paraben and to get a clear solution. (Aqueous phase). Then slowly add this aqueous phase to the oily phase in a Beaker and stir by using the stirrer or spatula in a single direction to avoid lumps. Then add the powder of murdarsang to the cream base and mix it. The formula for the cream is given in the table 1.
Table No. 1. Formulation of Cream
|
Sr. No. |
Ingredients |
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
|
1. |
Liquid Paraffin |
10ml |
15ml |
20ml |
|
2. |
Beeswax |
2.7gm |
3.2gm |
3.7gm |
|
3. |
Borax |
0.2gm |
0.3gm |
0.5gm |
|
4. |
Methyle Paraben |
0.05gm |
0.05gm |
0.05gm |
|
5. |
Essential oil (jasmin oil) |
qs |
qs |
qs |
|
6. |
Rose Water |
qs |
qs |
qs |
|
7. |
Drug |
12ml |
17ml |
21ml |
|
8. |
Distilled Water |
qs |
qs |
qs |
EVALUATION: -
1. Physical Appearance:
A. Colour: Visual inspection was used to determine the cream's colour.
B. Odour: The cream has a mainly unique fragrance.
C. Consistency: The formulation is evaluated by manually rubbing the cream on the hand. The cream has a smooth consistency. After using the cream, there shouldn't be any oily residue on the skin's surface.
D. State: A physical examination of the cream's condition is conducted. The cream has to be semisolid.3,4
2. Determination of pH:
Take 1g of cream and dispersed it in 100ml ethanol. Then check it’s pH by using digital pH meter.
Fig. No. 1 pH of F2 Formulation
3. Phase separation:
It includes monitoring the prepared cream for 24hours at room temperature, out of direct sunlight, in a completely sealed container.
4. Washability:
To evaluate Washability, just a small amount of cream was applied to the hand, and it was then washed with tap water. Every of the three formulas was simple to wash.5,6,7
5. Spreadability:
All three formulations—F1C, F2C, and F3C—are tested for spreadability. The better the Spreadability, the shorter the time it takes to separate the two slides. Spreadability of Formulated cream was measured by placing sample in between two slides then compressed to uniform thickness by placing a definite weight for defined time. The specified time required to separate the two slides was measured as Spreadability. Lesser the time taken for separation of two slides results showed better Spreadability. Spreadability was calculated by the following formula. The value should be in between 9.0 to 31.02g.cm/s.
6. After feel:
Emolliency, slipperiness and amount of residue left after the application of fixed amount of cream was checked.
7. Viscosity:
Using spindle No. 7-14, the Brookfield viscometer was used to measure the formulation's viscosity at 100 r/min.8
RESULTS:
We discovered that the murdarsang stone utilized to make the cream. Physical appearance/visual inspection, pH, irritability, Washability, viscosity, after-feel phase separation, spread ability, test is some of the several quality control measures. Every parameter produces a positive outcome. The current study's findings demonstrate that adding these medications' active ingredients to herbal cream results in more stable goods with pleasing visual appeal.
|
Organoleptic Characteristic |
||||
|
Formulation |
Colour |
Odour |
state |
Consistency |
|
F1 |
Yellowish gold |
Pleasant |
Smooth |
Semi-Solid |
|
F2 |
Yellowish gold |
Pleasant |
Smooth |
Semi-Solid |
|
F3 |
Yellowish gold |
Pleasant |
Smooth |
Semi-Solid |
Physico-chemical Properties:
|
Sr. No. |
Parameter |
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
|
1. |
pH |
7.5 |
7.3 |
7.7 |
|
2. |
Phase separation |
No Phase Separation |
No Phase Separation |
Slightly Phase Separation |
|
3. |
Washability |
Washable |
Easily Washable |
No Easily Washable |
|
4. |
Irritancy test |
Non-irritant |
Non-irritant |
Non-irritant |
|
5. |
Spradibility |
20.25g.cm/s |
15.16g.cm/s |
25.12g.cm/s |
|
6. |
After feel |
Good |
Very Good |
Good |
|
7. |
Viscosity |
33771cps |
31869cps |
24389cps |
CONCLUSION:
The above studies show that creams containing a Murdarsang stone formulated with cream base and emulsifiers. Rising appetite for creams and that they are gifts from nature. The goal of this study was to formulate a cream that doesn’t cause side effects or adverse reaction. By adding different concentration of Murdarsang stone, beeswax, liquid paraffin and other chemicals listed in table 1 of formulation namely F1, F2, F3, were formulated. Evaluation of formulation with various parameters like pH, viscosity, phase separation, spradability irritation test and the other parameters the assessment of all formulation (F1, F2, F3) were performed. The F2 formulation showed good consistency, appearance, pH, no signs of phase separation, and simple removal. The formulations secure to use for skin application. These studies indicate that the extract and base cream composition of F2 is more stable and effective.
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Received on 28.04.2025 Revised on 20.06.2025 Accepted on 27.07.2025 Published on 10.10.2025 Available online from October 18, 2025 Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2025; 17(4):269-272. DOI: 10.52711/0975-4385.2025.00043 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
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